Blood glucose levels

 The sugars that are ingested with food are transformed by metabolism into glucose. This travels through the bloodstream to reach the cells of different types of tissue, providing the energy they need to function. The clearest example of this process is that of the muscle tissue, which needs this energy to make the effort required by each movement.

When produced with the digestion of food, blood glucose levels, which are clinically called glycemia, vary throughout the day, ranging between concentrations of 70 and 145 milligrams per deciliter of blood. In the morning, they are lower on an empty stomach, rising after each meal (postprandial glycemia) and falling again two hours later.

It is recommended that blood glucose be measured when you get up in the morning and before breakfast and it is considered normal if glucose levels are between 70 and 100 mg / dl on an empty stomach and less than 140 mg / dl two hours later. of each meal.

Blood glucose disturbances

When the insulin metabolism does not work properly, the cells of the tissues stop assimilating the glucose correctly and it accumulates in the blood. The alarm should sound when fasting blood glucose levels are between 100 and 125 mg / dl and after eating between 140 and 199 mg / dl.

These figures determine what is known as a prediabetic state, in which diabetes mellitus or type 2 has not yet established but is the prelude to the disease. In these cases, lifestyle changes (losing some weight, eating a balanced diet and exercising daily) may be enough to control the situation and delay or even prevent the development of diabetes.

Diabetes is referred to when blood glucose is above 126 mg / dl fasting and 200 mg / dl two hours after meals. Above these figures, if proper treatment is not received, what is called a diabetic coma can occur at any time.

How to measure blood glucose

In healthy people, the measurement of blood glucose is usually included in any blood or urine test, especially when it comes to obese people, over 50 years of age or in those who have been diagnosed with high blood pressure or hypercholesterolemia. In both cases, blood and urine samples must be obtained fasting.

In the case of people already diagnosed with diabetes, they should proceed every morning upon rising and before breakfast to measure blood glucose levels. To do this, they must use a glucometer, which is a device in which a test strip impregnated with a drop of blood is inserted that is obtained by a small prick on a finger. It provides the result in just a few seconds.

Other tests, such as oral glucose tolerance or glycated hemoglobin, are reserved for specific cases, such as uncontrolled diabetic patients or pregnant women at risk of developing gestational diabetes.

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